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	<title>Comments on: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence</title>
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	<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/</link>
	<description>Conservatives deal with facts and reach conclusions; liberals have conclusions and sell them as facts.</description>
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		<title>By: gkong3</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28392</link>
		<dc:creator>gkong3</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2008 01:49:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28392</guid>
		<description>dg: There&#039;s a reason I wrote

&lt;blockquote&gt;
(I’m controlling for those who use both)
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

you know. So that these two DO NOT OVERLAP =&gt; the set containing both A (condom usage) and B (Pill usage) is a null set. So, who&#039;s the math idiot now?

Nor am I talking about what &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be happening, in reference to those stats, but what &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; happening. So your argument leaks worse than a sieve.

Thanks for proving your point? I wish you read my posts more clearly, chum.

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Kong, you must have the will power of Hercules… 100% effectiveness of abstinence does not get you 100% reductions in teenage pregnancies. Join the real world.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Okay, so we&#039;re both agreed that abstinence is the only 100% foolproof method of birth control. Cool.

As for willpower, I dunno. I&#039;m a 28 y/o virgin. I didn&#039;t even seriously try to have sex, though, that much is true. It&#039;s not that hard.

But here&#039;s the fundamental disconnect between our two approaches, I believe. I (and the other abstinence proponents) think we should be pushing abstinence as the PRIMARY, IDEAL and DEFAULT position for unmarried (pre-)adolescents. This is because it&#039;s the ONLY 100% effective foolproof birth control method.

IIRC, your (and similar contraceptive proponents&#039;) position is that since teens are ging to be engaging in sexual relations anyway, might as well give them all the options.

Where I break with the abstinence-only crowd is that I agree we should enlighten the adolescent group about the existence of contraceptives and their role in preventing pregnancies. However, I believe in providing them ALL the information, including, as I&#039;ve mention, the pushing of abstinence as primary, ideal and default.

If you believe this position makes the most sense, then we are in agreement. Otherwise, we can continue this for quite some time.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>dg: There&#8217;s a reason I wrote</p>
<blockquote><p>
(I’m controlling for those who use both)
</p></blockquote>
<p>you know. So that these two DO NOT OVERLAP =&gt; the set containing both A (condom usage) and B (Pill usage) is a null set. So, who&#8217;s the math idiot now?</p>
<p>Nor am I talking about what <em>should</em> be happening, in reference to those stats, but what <em>was</em> happening. So your argument leaks worse than a sieve.</p>
<p>Thanks for proving your point? I wish you read my posts more clearly, chum.</p>
<blockquote><p>
Kong, you must have the will power of Hercules… 100% effectiveness of abstinence does not get you 100% reductions in teenage pregnancies. Join the real world.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Okay, so we&#8217;re both agreed that abstinence is the only 100% foolproof method of birth control. Cool.</p>
<p>As for willpower, I dunno. I&#8217;m a 28 y/o virgin. I didn&#8217;t even seriously try to have sex, though, that much is true. It&#8217;s not that hard.</p>
<p>But here&#8217;s the fundamental disconnect between our two approaches, I believe. I (and the other abstinence proponents) think we should be pushing abstinence as the PRIMARY, IDEAL and DEFAULT position for unmarried (pre-)adolescents. This is because it&#8217;s the ONLY 100% effective foolproof birth control method.</p>
<p>IIRC, your (and similar contraceptive proponents&#8217;) position is that since teens are ging to be engaging in sexual relations anyway, might as well give them all the options.</p>
<p>Where I break with the abstinence-only crowd is that I agree we should enlighten the adolescent group about the existence of contraceptives and their role in preventing pregnancies. However, I believe in providing them ALL the information, including, as I&#8217;ve mention, the pushing of abstinence as primary, ideal and default.</p>
<p>If you believe this position makes the most sense, then we are in agreement. Otherwise, we can continue this for quite some time.</p>
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		<title>By: dg</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28370</link>
		<dc:creator>dg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 22:29:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28370</guid>
		<description>The math again: 

Assume you have a population of 100,000 celebates with no access to birth control and 100,000 sexually actives with access to birth control, so we can test Kong&#039;s theory that the abstention-only policy is better than the contraception policy.  Taking his figures above, 53% of the celebate group abstain, while 47% have sex and a high percentage (80%?) have an unwanted pregnancy; this means that 53,000 will not have an unwanted pregnancy, while 37,600 will.  Taking the sexually active group, 0.003% (0.1% times 3%) will have an unwanted pregnancy (or, to be consistent, 80% of this subset), while 99.997% will not; this means that 2.4 will have an unwanted pregnancy, while 99,997.6 will not.  Note that I ignore those in the sexually active group that happen to remain celebate, so the number could be closer to 2.

The difference between my math and suek&#039;s is that I assume that the sexually actives use both types of contraception since they are available.  The problem with adding 30 and 1 is that you are talking about the same underlying population of 1,000--the question, I thought, was not a comparison of abstention vs. condoms vs. the pill--and should use the product of their failure rates if you are using both.  You probably could also use the average of the two (geometric or arithmetic??) if you assume that only one method is available.  I advocate access to all contraception forms and thus assumed that both could and would be used, but even if you take assume only condom access, you get 2,400 with unwanted pregnancies (100,000 * 3% * 80%) or only about 6% of the celebates group.  

Of course, the best would be abstinence for the 53% and condom-plus-pill for the rest, which would give you 1.1 with an unwanted pregnancy per 100,000.  That contraception takes you from 37,600 to 2 with unwanted pregnancies while abstinence added to contraception only takes you from 2 to 1 with unwanted pregnancies highlights which policy is more effective.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The math again: </p>
<p>Assume you have a population of 100,000 celebates with no access to birth control and 100,000 sexually actives with access to birth control, so we can test Kong&#8217;s theory that the abstention-only policy is better than the contraception policy.  Taking his figures above, 53% of the celebate group abstain, while 47% have sex and a high percentage (80%?) have an unwanted pregnancy; this means that 53,000 will not have an unwanted pregnancy, while 37,600 will.  Taking the sexually active group, 0.003% (0.1% times 3%) will have an unwanted pregnancy (or, to be consistent, 80% of this subset), while 99.997% will not; this means that 2.4 will have an unwanted pregnancy, while 99,997.6 will not.  Note that I ignore those in the sexually active group that happen to remain celebate, so the number could be closer to 2.</p>
<p>The difference between my math and suek&#8217;s is that I assume that the sexually actives use both types of contraception since they are available.  The problem with adding 30 and 1 is that you are talking about the same underlying population of 1,000&#8211;the question, I thought, was not a comparison of abstention vs. condoms vs. the pill&#8211;and should use the product of their failure rates if you are using both.  You probably could also use the average of the two (geometric or arithmetic??) if you assume that only one method is available.  I advocate access to all contraception forms and thus assumed that both could and would be used, but even if you take assume only condom access, you get 2,400 with unwanted pregnancies (100,000 * 3% * 80%) or only about 6% of the celebates group.  </p>
<p>Of course, the best would be abstinence for the 53% and condom-plus-pill for the rest, which would give you 1.1 with an unwanted pregnancy per 100,000.  That contraception takes you from 37,600 to 2 with unwanted pregnancies while abstinence added to contraception only takes you from 2 to 1 with unwanted pregnancies highlights which policy is more effective.</p>
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		<title>By: dg</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28367</link>
		<dc:creator>dg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 22:03:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28367</guid>
		<description>BrianE, I didn&#039;t say the other factors didn&#039;t come into play, but have less explanatory power for the decline you reference at the time your reference.  If you know stats, think about the r-squared.  As for sources, the highest profile challenge of Levitt came from Christopher Foote, a senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Christopher Goetz, a research assistant there--they pointed out some problems with the data, but were not able to debunk his theory (http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2005/11/28/130806.shtml).  I know the study has been repeated in other countries (e.g., Canada) but I don&#039;t have the links readily available.  I&#039;m sure a Google search would get you there eventually...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>BrianE, I didn&#8217;t say the other factors didn&#8217;t come into play, but have less explanatory power for the decline you reference at the time your reference.  If you know stats, think about the r-squared.  As for sources, the highest profile challenge of Levitt came from Christopher Foote, a senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and Christopher Goetz, a research assistant there&#8211;they pointed out some problems with the data, but were not able to debunk his theory (<a href="http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2005/11/28/130806.shtml" rel="nofollow">http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2005/11/28/130806.shtml</a>).  I know the study has been repeated in other countries (e.g., Canada) but I don&#8217;t have the links readily available.  I&#8217;m sure a Google search would get you there eventually&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: suek</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28363</link>
		<dc:creator>suek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 21:26:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28363</guid>
		<description>&gt;&gt;Kong, also, your math is wrong. &gt;&gt;

3% = 3 per hundred.  1000= 100x10  3 x 10 = 30.  

.1% = 1 per 1000 ( 10 x .1 = 1% )
______________________

31

dg...run through that math again, please?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&gt;&gt;Kong, also, your math is wrong. &gt;&gt;</p>
<p>3% = 3 per hundred.  1000= 100&#215;10  3 x 10 = 30.  </p>
<p>.1% = 1 per 1000 ( 10 x .1 = 1% )<br />
______________________</p>
<p>31</p>
<p>dg&#8230;run through that math again, please?</p>
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		<title>By: Ymarsakar</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28350</link>
		<dc:creator>Ymarsakar</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 19:20:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28350</guid>
		<description>How does dg know people use condoms and the pill at the same time, always for each 1k sample?

 Is he omniscient and thus an Obama godling or something?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How does dg know people use condoms and the pill at the same time, always for each 1k sample?</p>
<p> Is he omniscient and thus an Obama godling or something?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: BrianE</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28303</link>
		<dc:creator>BrianE</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:06:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28303</guid>
		<description>I&#039;ll bet you&#039;re a geenius!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ll bet you&#8217;re a geenius!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: BrianE</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28302</link>
		<dc:creator>BrianE</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:05:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28302</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;Your reduction to absurdity argument, by the way, carries little explanatory power other than as a reflection of your own cognitive powers.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Ouch, you&#039;re so smart!
&lt;blockquote&gt;And it has withstood very rigorous testing from other economists, sociologists and statisticians. I think it has more explanatory power than any other hypothesis I have read about.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
How about a couple of sources. And I only want the very rigorous ones.
So studies that show it is due to better contreceptives and abstinence are all just hot air?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Your reduction to absurdity argument, by the way, carries little explanatory power other than as a reflection of your own cognitive powers.</p></blockquote>
<p>Ouch, you&#8217;re so smart!</p>
<blockquote><p>And it has withstood very rigorous testing from other economists, sociologists and statisticians. I think it has more explanatory power than any other hypothesis I have read about.</p></blockquote>
<p>How about a couple of sources. And I only want the very rigorous ones.<br />
So studies that show it is due to better contreceptives and abstinence are all just hot air?</p>
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		<title>By: dg</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28301</link>
		<dc:creator>dg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28301</guid>
		<description>Kong, also, your math is wrong.  You don&#039;t get 31 pregnancies out of 1000 because you use a condom (3% failure rate) and the pill (0.1%).  You get .03 pregnancies per thousand (3 per 100,000), because 3% * 0.1% is .00003.  Thanks for proving my point.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kong, also, your math is wrong.  You don&#8217;t get 31 pregnancies out of 1000 because you use a condom (3% failure rate) and the pill (0.1%).  You get .03 pregnancies per thousand (3 per 100,000), because 3% * 0.1% is .00003.  Thanks for proving my point.</p>
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		<title>By: dg</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28300</link>
		<dc:creator>dg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 15:00:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28300</guid>
		<description>Kong, you must have the will power of Hercules...  100% effectiveness of abstinence does not get you 100% reductions in teenage pregnancies.  Join the real world.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kong, you must have the will power of Hercules&#8230;  100% effectiveness of abstinence does not get you 100% reductions in teenage pregnancies.  Join the real world.</p>
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		<title>By: dg</title>
		<link>http://www.bookwormroom.com/2008/09/02/absence-of-evidence-is-not-evidence-of-absence/comment-page-1/#comment-28299</link>
		<dc:creator>dg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 14:58:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bookwormroom.com/?p=3584#comment-28299</guid>
		<description>BrianE, I am not.  Steven Levitt, a very smart economist and author of Freakonomics, is.  And his argument is not that we should have abortions to solve teen pregnancy, but that 17 years after Roe v Wade we are seeing reductions in all sorts of social ills (e.g., crime, murder, teenage pregnancy, etc.) because unwanted pregnancies and unqualified mothers are not bringing at-risk children into the world who then go on to cause these social ills.  It is an empirical explanation not a normative argument.  And it has withstood very rigorous testing from other economists, sociologists and statisticians.  I think it has more explanatory power than any other hypothesis I have read about.

Your reduction to absurdity argument, by the way, carries little explanatory power other than as a reflection of your own cognitive powers.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>BrianE, I am not.  Steven Levitt, a very smart economist and author of Freakonomics, is.  And his argument is not that we should have abortions to solve teen pregnancy, but that 17 years after Roe v Wade we are seeing reductions in all sorts of social ills (e.g., crime, murder, teenage pregnancy, etc.) because unwanted pregnancies and unqualified mothers are not bringing at-risk children into the world who then go on to cause these social ills.  It is an empirical explanation not a normative argument.  And it has withstood very rigorous testing from other economists, sociologists and statisticians.  I think it has more explanatory power than any other hypothesis I have read about.</p>
<p>Your reduction to absurdity argument, by the way, carries little explanatory power other than as a reflection of your own cognitive powers.</p>
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